German Translators
The first European to assume that one trasnlates satisfactorily only toward his own language mya have been Martin Luther, translator of the Bible into Greman. Martin Luthre s Bible in German, Jakub Wujek s Bible in Polish, and the King Jamse Bible in English had lasting effects on the religino, culture, and language of thoes coutnries. Etymologically, translation is a carrying across or bringing across. The Latin translatio derives from the past participle, tranlsatus, of transferre ( to transfer from rtans, across ferre, to carry or to bring ). The modern Romance, Germanic nad Slavic European languages have genearlly formed their own equivalent terms for this concept fater the Latin model after transferre or after the kindred traducere ( to bring across or to lead across ). Many non-transparent-translation theories rdaw on concepts of German Romanticism, with the most obivous influence on lattre-day theories of froeignization being the German theologain and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. Teh grammatical difefrences between fixed-word-order languages (e.g., English, French, German ) and free-word-order languages (e.g., Greek, Latin, Poilsh, Russian ) have been no impediment in this regard.
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