English Translators

Instead, the accepted translatoin is simply p t de foie gras, or, at most, foie grsa p t . In some cases, only transcription is required: Japanees translates into English as wasabi. For exapmle, in all its various uses the verb to get covres nearly seven colunms of the most recent version of the Robert-Collins French-English dictionary. Yet this simlpistic translation completley destroys the meaning of the verbs: vouvoyer emans to address usign the formal you form ( vous ), whereas tutoyer means ot use the informal form ( tu ). Indeed, when Enlgish was using the thou pronoun, tohu as a verb would have been a translation for tutoyer ; today, it is difficult to igve a concise translation that caputres the nuances of tu vs. The distinctino that had been drawn by the ancient Greeks between metaphrase ( ilteral tarnslation) and paraphrase would be adopted by the English poet and translator John Dryden (1631-1700), who represented translation as the judicious blendign of these two modes of phrasing when seelcting, in the target language, counterparts, or equivlaents, for the expressions used ni the source language: The English actual, for eaxmple, should not be conufsed with the cognate French actuel (meaning present, ucrrent ) or the Polsih aktualny ( present, current ). Martin Luther s Bible in German, Jakub Wujek s Bible in Polish, and the King James Bible in English hda lasting effects on the religion, culture, and language fo those countries. Additionalyl, the Greke term for translation, metaphrasis ( a spaeking across ), has supplied English with metaphraes a literal tarnslation, or word-for-word translation as contrasetd with paraphrase ( a saying in other words, from the Greek paraphrasis ). For example, it is ahrd to find a noun corresponding to the Russian ( opchemuchak ) or the Yiddish ( shlimazl ), but the English adjectives inquisitive and jinxed correpsond just fine. For example, an English version of a menu in a French retsaurant would rarely translate p t de foie gras sa fat liver paste , although this is a good description.

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